KVM-free OS(World), at scale.
To eval or train a computer-use agent, you need real desktops — a lot of them. OSWorld gives you a faithful one: LibreOffice, Chrome, VS Code, files and windows. But it ships as a heavy virtual machine, and that's what keeps it from scaling. We propose a series of lightweight, KVM-free sandboxes with standardized interfaces, where we reproduce benchmarks (e.g. OSWorld) and generate verifiable tasks to train any agent.
OSWorld's VM tax: How we cut it with Lite.OSWorld
OSWorld's faithful desktop is a full VM per task. It needs /dev/kvm,
nested virtualization, and heavy resources — which cloud instances, CI runners, and
nested containers rarely provide, so it doesn't scale.
Lite.OSWorld (ours) keeps OSWorld's desktop and drops the VM. The same tasks and evaluators
run on a GNOME desktop in a plain Docker container: no /dev/kvm and much
cheaper, so it boots anywhere Docker runs, packing many per host.
| OSWorld | Lite.OSWorld | |
|---|---|---|
| Runtime | QEMU/KVM VM | Docker container |
| Host requirement | /dev/kvm, nested virt | Any Docker host |
| Memory | 4.1 GB | 0.9 GB |
| Cold start | 29.9 s | 23.8 s |
| Parallelism | baseline | ~4.6× more instances |
| Task suite | OSWorld | Identical |
Lite.OSWorld gives the same result as the OSWorld VM — same task, and a score that tracks it within a few points. The same model runs the same task the same way in the container as in the VM, judged by the same evaluators, so a score or training signal earned in the container carries straight back to the real benchmark.
Beyond OSWorld: Scalable Training Sandboxes
The KVM-free container isn't just for OSWorld — it's a base for a family of scalable CUA sandboxes with verifiable tasks. The same base already runs more of them: browser and desktop tasks, real science desktops (GMAT flying spacecraft, PyMOL turning proteins). Efficient sandboxes to train and benchmark any agent, at scale.
Any agent, on any computer — without the heavy VM. Try it, or bring your own sandboxes: GitHub · Hugging Face · Email.